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The Compact City in Theory and in Practice
Čuntalová, Karolína ; Májek, Jan (referee) ; Tichý, Jan (advisor)
The bachelor's thesis focuses on the concept of a compact city in theory and its practical application to a selected housing estate of 500 apartments in Bratislava. The aim of the thesis is to define the concept of a compact city and analyse the selected area based on a methodology developed by the city of Bratislava for analysing public spaces that primarily adhere to the principles of a compact city. The outcome of the thesis will be an assessment of whether the 500-apartment locality is a suitable example of a compact area in Bratislava.
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Výskyt, početnost a ohrožení ježků Erinaceus europaeus a Erinaceus roumanicus ve městě České Budějovice s využitím termovizní technologie
STANKOVÁ, Alena
This work is focused on studying the presence and population density of hedgehogs as well as threats to their population in given locations in České Budějovice. The research took place in two city parks far from the city centre, three parks close to the city centre and three housing estates. A spotter has been periodically observing their surroundings using infrared binoculars while walking along a given path. Observation was done once a month, from June to October, on each location. There were no hedgehogs found in the parks near the city centre. The hedgehog abundance differed between the parks far from the city centre and housing estates - the abundance in parks reaching up to 83 hedgehogs km-2 and the abundance in housing estates being 30-50 hedgehogs km-2. No wounded nor dead hedgehogs have been noticed. The effective spotting distance of infrared binoculars was 100 m in parks and 60 meters in housing estates. Vegetation height and density was major factor in the effectivity of the infrared binoculars when used for spotting small animals.
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Diversity and abundance of birds in 3D space of Žofínský prales primary forest
Kučerová, Eliška ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Korňan, Martin (referee)
Bird species are specialized in diverse types of environments. Considering for example forest species, this does not mean that all species inhabit the same ecological niches. Some species occupy undergrowth while others prefer treetops. Some birds are bound to clearings and other gaps in forest cover, and other species require old trees with cavities. Primary Central European mixed forest is not a homogenous environment. But, on small spatial scales, the environment is very heterogeneous. We get an unprecedented variety of habitats especially when including the forest vertical dimension, which birds use much more than it is usually considered in studies. This diploma thesis describes in detail the bird assemblage in the Czech oldest nature reserve NPR Žofínský prales in which vegetation research is currently in progress. However, research dealing with bird mapping in forests still rarely consider the vertical dimension of the environment. Most bird censuses focus on the diversity of species at a site but usually do not include abundance of individual species. I, therefore, focused on a detailed mapping of the bird community on a 50-hectare area in NPR Žofínský prales. During the census, each bird and each bird's exact position in the 3D space of the forest were recorded. Special attention is paid...
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The Ecology of the Little Owl in European Farmland
CHRENKOVÁ, Monika
The little owl population in the most of Europe is rapidly declining mainly due to dramatic changes and transformation of the agricultural landscape, which resulted in the loss of suitable foraging habitats. Due to rapid population decline and range contraction, urgent conservation measures have to be implemented to save the population from extinction in certain areas. The thesis aims were to identify long-term population trend in selected regions, to uncover the habitat selection of breeding birds and to evaluate the effectiveness of individual management measures for the little owl conservation in the European farmland. The research on population status in Czech Republic and Slovakia revealed long-term population decline and marked distributional range contraction of the little owl, documenting its rapid local extinctions over the last two decades. On the contrary, results from Hortobagy National Park,representing the first large-area systematic survey in Hungary, indicate high population density and its widespread distribution. In particular, the study uncovers one of the highest population densities of this species from an agricultural landscape in Central Europe. Further detailed investigation of habitat selection at three different scales shows the link between certain habitat characteristics and species occurrence and supports the hypothesis of agriculture intensification being the main driver of the population decline of little owl in the Central Europe. Finally, the thesis provides evidence on the effect of different conservation management measures on little owl population in Denmark, where the species is close to extinction. Research findings indicate that food limitation during the breeding season may be the main reason for the declining numbers of little owls in Denmark. To prevent little owl extinction, evidence based conservation measures, such as provision of suitable foraging habitats with high availability and good accessibility of prey close to nests, are inevitable.
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Modeling population with topographic data
Šimbera, Jan ; Brůha, Lukáš (advisor) ; Hudeček, Tomáš (referee)
Accurate spatial population data are an important requirement in many applications. In this thesis, the problem of disaggregating the spatial distribution of population density and rent costs using a machine learning model is studied. An approach based on freely available ancillary data such as OpenStreetMap and Urban Atlas is proposed and implemented in the form of an automated Python toolbox for ArcGIS. The applications on the urban areas of Prague, Vienna and Ljubljana show promising results, overperforming the competing population disaggregation solutions in spatial resolution and displaying a satisfying degree of transferability. A number of further improvements is suggested. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Population density and its relation to selected demographic and social indicators
Zalubil, Jakub ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Čermák, Zdeněk (referee)
The topic of this thesis is the analysis of the relationship between population density and demographic behavior, which is expressed in this work by values of selected socio- - demographic indicators - total fertility, life expectancy, age index, standardized mortality and urbanization rates in selected European countries. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part defines trends in the development of population concentration and values of selected socio-demographic indicators in European countries. The second part of the thesis identifies the dependence of values of selected indicators on the population concentration and differences between the urban and the rural environment. The context is examined by the cluster, the correlation and the regression analysis. The results are also presented using cartograms. Analyses has shown that population density is likely to have an impact on selected demographic and social indicators at the European level. In the European cohesion regions (NUTS 2), the correlation between population density and other socio-demographic indicators was no longer apparent. Key words: demographic indicators; population aging population density; rural; urbanisation
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Determinants of abundances in terrestrial vertebrates
Kundelová, Tereza ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
The abundance of animals differs between species, however, they also vary in area and time. These differences relate to biotic and abiotic factors as well as to ecological characteristics of particular species. Studies focusing on these factors are aiming to answer the question; how and what influences the abundance of these species. Besides clarifying the dependence of abundance on particular factors, studies also try to ascertain which key factors are necessary for the determination of abundance. The most frequently studied factor is body size, but trophic level, specialization, net primary productivity, and competition also play a significant role in determination. However, all these factors explain only a small proportion of interspecific variability in abundances. This thesis focuses on terrestrial vertebrates; however, mainly on birds and mammals; since, these two taxa are the most studied. Key words: abundance, population density, terrestrial vertebrates, body size, competition, energy flux
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Sociologická a urbanistická analýza města použitím dat mobilních operátorů, použito na případové studii města Brna
Horáková, Eva
Daily movement patterns of inhabitants derived from mobile phone data are one of very valuable data sources for today’s sociological and urban analyses of modern cities. These data sets are open but – while being of a limited quality – available on a mobile provider’s website. This data enables a number of users in selected areas to be observed through two-hour time slots. It also provides anonymous information about the age and gender of the users. The aim of this paper is to introduce mobile phone data visualisations through a case study of the city of Brno, Czech Republic.
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Distribution and habitat preference of the Ortolan Bunting in the Czech Republic
Zeman, Vít ; Lučan, Radek (advisor) ; Šťastný, Karel (referee)
The Ortolan Bunting (Emberiza hortulana) is a farmland bird species, whose population size has declined very sharply in recent decades, especia ll y in Western and Central European countries. The aim of our study in 2015 was to record where the last populations of this critically endangered species in the Czech Republic are located and also what habitat the species associated with. We examined nine areas (925 km2 in total). Two main areas of occurrence (surface mines in northern Bohemia and farmland landscape of Silesia) and two small isolated populations in central Bohemia were registered for this species. In contrast, observations in some traditional areas of its occurence (České středohoří in northern Bohemia, Hovorany-Čejkovice region in southe r n Moravia and Javoricko region in Silesia) were negative. Altogether, we counted 75-79 singing males. Our estimation of the size of the Czech population in 2015 is 75-100 singing males, which indicates further population decline compared to the last mapping in 2001-2003. Furthermore, habitat associat io ns were investigated at two spatial scales and we made habitat compar is o n between farmland and post-mining landscape. Our research highlights a high degree of flexibility in habitat selection of Ortolan Bunting and also positive association with high...
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Modeling population with topographic data
Šimbera, Jan ; Brůha, Lukáš (advisor) ; Hudeček, Tomáš (referee)
Accurate spatial population data are an important requirement in many applications. In this thesis, the problem of disaggregating the spatial distribution of population density and rent costs using a machine learning model is studied. An approach based on freely available ancillary data such as OpenStreetMap and Urban Atlas is proposed and implemented in the form of an automated Python toolbox for ArcGIS. The applications on the urban areas of Prague, Vienna and Ljubljana show promising results, overperforming the competing population disaggregation solutions in spatial resolution and displaying a satisfying degree of transferability. A number of further improvements is suggested. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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